The careful study of a rubber mixture revealed important benefits through intelligent addition of polypropylene glycol, modified starch, and zinc powder. At first, challenges regarding fabrication plus physical properties were resolved by optimizing the component level. In particular, polypropylene glycol served as a plasticizer, enhancing low-temp

The thorough assessment of the rubber mixture indicated significant enhancements through intelligent incorporation of PPG, starch ether, and zinc oxide. At first, problems related to processing plus physical properties were resolved by fine-tuning the additive level. In particular, polypropylene glycol served as the flexibilizer, enhancing cold-wea